Philosophy and Social Movements
Philosophy is an approach of deep contemplation and theoretical reflection on various questions. The word “philosophy” is a Chinese character applied to the English word “philosophy” by Saishu, a scholar of the Meiji era, and the word “philosophy” is derived from the ancient Greek word ” It is derived from the ancient Greek word “philosophia (φιλοσοφία),” which literally means “love of knowledge” or “pursuit of wisdom.
In philosophy, as described in “What is Philosophy?” from the Special Lecture “The Apologetics of Socrates,” etc., “What exists?” and “How is reality structured?” and “How is knowledge obtained? and “What is truth?” and “What is truth?”; “Aesthetics,” which focuses on questions of knowledge and cognition, such as “What is a good act?” and “What is the standard of right and wrong?” and “What is the standard of right and wrong?” Ethics, which explores questions related to morality and ethics, such as “What is justice?” and “Where is the legitimacy of political power based?” What is beauty? and “What are the criteria for evaluating art?” and “Aesthetics,” which pursues questions related to beauty and art, such as “What is beauty?” and “What are the criteria for evaluating art?” and includes questions on a wide and diverse range of topics.
Through these fields, philosophy has played an important role in transforming society by fostering logical thinking, problem-solving skills, and ethical judgment. Philosophy-based movements for social change have emerged in various forms and have influenced the structure and values of society, as shown below.
1. Enlightenment: The Enlightenment period of the 17th and 18th centuries was a philosophical movement based on the principles of reason, freedom, and equality, and a time when thinkers followed Enlightenment principles to oppose tyrannical authority and emphasize individual rights. The influence of this period led to major social transformations, including the French Revolution and the American Revolutionary War.
2. Marxism: Propounded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Marxism pursued social change from the perspective of historical materialism and class struggle, and aimed at the transition from a capitalist to a communist society through revolution by the working class. This had a major impact on the socialist movement of the 20th century.
3. nonviolence and civil rights movements: Leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. advocated social change based on the philosophy of nonviolence and civil rights. Ghandi’s Indian independence movement and King’s American civil rights movement had a major impact on the elimination of discrimination and the pursuit of equality.
4. feminism: Feminism, based on a philosophical framework, seeks to challenge gender-based inequalities. Second-wave feminism sought women’s rights and equality through a critique of social structures and gender ways of being.
These approaches arose and evolved as philosophy offered new perspectives on existing notions of society.
Philosophy and IT
Hiroki Azuma, a contemporary Japanese philosopher, has said that one such movement by philosophy may be the evolution of modern IT. He says that the ideas of those who have built computer systems, including Steve Jobs and the founders of Google, are changing the world much more than Marxism, not in terms of engineers or money, but by forcing major changes to our view of humanity and society.
As for the connection between IT and philosophy, the word “cloud,” for example, originally means “cloud” in English, and was proposed by Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google, in 2006, but at that time cloud computing as a concrete service was not widely used. At that time, cloud computing as a concrete service was not widely used, and was limited to limited implementation and testing services due to the low capacity of all computers, networks, and communications.
In contrast, now that computer power has developed and large-scale cloud services are available, he said, it has come to mean everything from how to use them to how to organize and share information, creating a philosophical revolutionary nature and a “new concept.
Similarly, new concepts created by IT include the terms “open” and “free. The emergence of the IT infrastructure has led to people in various fields doing business and making things while thinking about the new openness and the new freedom. Hiroki Azuma says that the worldview shared by these people is the new philosophy.
New Philosophy for the Next Generation
So what comes after the movements of Steve Jobs, Google, etc.?” As noted in “Starting Point of Philosophy” from the Special Lecture “Socrates’ Defense,” Socrates’ philosophical dialogue, the starting point of philosophy, began by disturbing and refreshing the other person’s head by saying, “Let’s think about this from a different angle,” or “You can think about it the other way around,” and so on.
He was talking with practitioners, not academics, who could think bottom-up, not top-down. Currently, specialization has become so intense that if one’s practicalization becomes true value and one leaves that area even a little, one is in a situation where words cannot be shared or anything can be spoken to the general population.
In such cases, the concept is rebuilt by disturbing the language and speaking without any jargon. Such activities may become necessary.
I would like to discuss philosophical perspectives useful for these in the future.
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