Operating system e.g. Linux
An operating system is a type of software that manages the entire system, implementing functions for basic management and control of equipment and basic functions that are commonly used by many software programs.
Its main roles are to manage input/output devices, main memory (main memory), and external storage devices (storage, disk), and to control data communication with other external devices and networks. It can start and terminate software stored in the storage device based on instructions from the user.
Software that uses OS functions and runs on top of the OS is called application software (application software). By using the functions provided by the OS, application developers can save time and effort in development and unify operability. In addition, since the OS absorbs minor differences in hardware specifications, software developed for an OS can be used on basically any computer running that OS.
The operating system usually sits between the user or application program and the hardware, providing a standard interface to the user or application program while at the same time providing efficient management of the respective resources, such as hardware. The main functions of modern OSs include management of auxiliary storage devices such as file systems, memory management such as virtual memory, process management such as multitasking, user interfaces such as GUI, and networks such as TCP/IP. They are used internally in various computers, from personal computers to supercomputers, and in various embedded systems, including smartphones and game consoles.
The OS as a product (or products) includes a desktop environment or windowing system, or middleware such as a database management system (DBMS), utilities such as file management software, editors, and configuration tools, and accessories such as web browsers and clocks. For marketing and other reasons, they are sometimes included together.
OSs for personal computers include Microsoft Windows, Apple’s Mac OSX, and Linux, a Unix-like OS.
One category of OSs is server OSs, which are developed and adjusted mainly for use on server computers. Servers differ from face-to-face computers in the performance and functions they require. While screen display and voice functions are sufficient for operation, network performance and operational stability must be of a high level. In addition, the computer must be able to monitor and manage the status of the computer and software from a remote location. Products specially tailored to meet these requirements are referred to as such.
Since the basic functions are the same as those of a general-purpose OS or desktop OS, few OS packages are developed and offered only as a server OS. Many OS packages are developed by adjusting the performance, functions, and bundled software of the base general-purpose OS and offered as a server “OS.
Another class of OS is the network OS, whose main function and purpose is to connect computers and other devices to a communication network to send and receive data. This term became popular around the 1980s, when computer networks that interconnect a large number of computers began to become common, and at that time it was used to refer to software packages that added networking functions to an OS that did not support networking (e.g., MS-DOS), or software packages that specialized in providing server functions on a network. At the time, NOS referred to software packages that added networking capabilities to OSs that did not support networking (e.g., MS-DOS) and software such as NetWare that specialized in providing server functionality on a network.
Today, since most OSs have some form of communication and networking functions, the term NOS is rarely used to classify OSs for general-purpose computers, and instead, OSs that control communication and networking devices such as routers and network switches are often called NOS. Instead, it is often referred to as an OS that controls communication and network devices such as routers and network switches.
There are also Google’s Android OS and Apple’s iOS used in smartphones and tablets, as well as TRON, MSCE, and freeBSD, which are real-time OSs used in embedded devices such as industrial equipment and home appliances.
This blog will discuss these OSs in detail as follows.
Topics
- Operating System Overview and Linux OS (CentOS,Ubuntu) Environment Settings
An operating system (Operating System) is a basic piece of software in a computer system that provides an interface between hardware and application software. The operating system manages the computer’s resources (processor, memory, disk space, etc.) and provides an environment for the user to interact with the computer system.
This section discusses specific implementations of Linux and Linux distributions CentOS and Ubuntu with respect to this operating system and the operating system in a cloud environment (AWS).
Linux is a free operating system created in 1991. It is the software that controls the operation, operation, and operation (operating) of a computer, and is positioned between the user or application program and the hardware, providing a standard interface to the user or application program, as well as efficient management of the hardware and other resources. It provides a standard interface for users and application programs and efficiently manages hardware and other resources.
Specific functions include auxiliary memory management such as file systems, memory management such as virtual memory, process management such as multitasking, user interface such as GUI, and network management such as TCP/IP.
Linux is running on a wide variety of devices such as servers, smartphones, TVs, and digital cameras. The most widely used Linux distribution is “ubuntu”. (Among web servers where linux is used, Ubuntu’s share is the largest at 34% (2018), and Ubuntu’s share is also large as a server OS to be installed in the cloud or containers.)
Since Ubuntu is distributed free of charge, it is easy for individuals to download and run it on their own PCs, and by installing VirtualBox, a virtual PC software on Window or macOS, it can be run without the need for another PC.
There are two types of Ubuntu that can be installed on ordinary PCs: “Ubuntu Desktop” and “Ubuntu Server.
CentoOS (Community Enterprise Operating System) is a clone OS that maintains high compatibility with Red Hat’s commercial Linux distribution, RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux). Red Hat and the community have collaborated to develop it, and as an open source OS available free of charge, it is used in a wide range of applications. In particular, it has recently been used in a variety of applications, including scale-out analysis platforms such as Hadoop, knowledge information processing platforms such as AI, machine learning, and deep learning, software-defined distributed storage platforms, HPC (High Performance Computing) platforms, and container platforms. The OS installation procedure is described below.
- Summary of commands to display hardware information on Linux
- Introduction to OS development in 30 days
- About Android
- About μTRON
- About freeBSD
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